5 Toothpaste Ingredients to Avoid and What to Use Instead (2026 Guide)

Most people never read their toothpaste label.

Yet the ingredients in your toothpaste come into contact with one of the most absorbent tissues in your body, your oral mucosa, over 700 times a year. What you use daily when brushing teeth does not just clean your teeth; it can affect your oral microbiome, gum health, and overall comfort.

While many mainstream toothpaste brands focus on whitening or foaming, fewer people realise that some commonly used ingredients in oral care products have been linked to irritation, microbiome disruption, or long-term concerns. Dentists and researchers increasingly highlight the importance of choosing gentler, more biologically compatible formulations that are safe for use.

This guide breaks down 5 toothpaste ingredients to avoid, explains why they may be problematic, and shows what safer alternatives look like, especially for consumers in Singapore seeking cleaner, science-backed oral care.

Ingredient 1: Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS)

What it is

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) is an anionic surfactant — a foaming agent and cleaning agent that helps toothpaste spread evenly and create that familiar toothpaste foam. This chemical compound is derived from lauryl alcohol, which is typically sourced from plant sources such as coconut oil or palm oil through a process involving sulfur trioxide.

Why it's concerning

SLS does not just remove debris; it works by reducing surface tension, but it can also strip the protective mucous membranes of the mouth. Clinical studies have linked sls toothpaste to:

• Increased frequency of recurrent mouth ulcers (aphthous ulcers) and mouth sores

• Dry mouth due to disruption of the lipid barrier and mouth irritation

• Irritation for individuals with sensitive gums and potential toothpaste allergy symptoms

• Skin irritation around the mouth area with prolonged exposure

Because it is a strong detergent, SLS may also disturb the balance of beneficial bacteria in the oral microbiome. It's worth noting that sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), created through ethoxylation of lauryl alcohol, is sometimes used as a milder alternative, though it still carries similar concerns. Some formulations may also list it as hydrogen lauryl sulfate.

Who should avoid it

• People with recurring mouth ulcers or mouth sores

• Individuals with sensitive gums, sensitive teeth, or dry mouth

• Anyone experiencing toothpaste allergy or mouth irritation

• Those seeking a gentler, microbiome-friendly routine

What to use instead

Look for SLS-free toothpaste that uses gentler surfactants like sodium carbonate or non-foaming systems. Enzyme-based formulations, like those used by Enzim, clean effectively without relying on harsh detergents.

👉 Switch to SLS-free oral care that supports your natural defence

Ingredient 2: Triclosan

What it is

Triclosan is an antibacterial and antifungal agent previously used in many consumer products, including toothpaste and other oral care products.

Why it's concerning

Triclosan has been widely debated due to safety concerns. In 2016, the US FDA banned it from over-the-counter hand soaps because of:

• Potential endocrine disruption

• Contribution to antibiotic resistance

Although it has been largely phased out of toothpaste, some products globally may still contain it.

Another key issue: triclosan kills bacteria indiscriminately — including beneficial oral flora that help protect against disease and maintain proper oral hygiene.

What to use instead

Modern oral care is shifting toward selective antibacterial systems that target harmful bacteria while preserving beneficial ones.

Enzyme-based systems — such as lactoperoxidase, glucose oxidase, and lysozyme — work with your body's natural defence mechanisms rather than against them.

👉 Discover how enzyme-based toothpaste supports a healthier oral microbiome

Ingredient 3: Artificial Sweeteners

What they are

Artificial sweeteners like sodium saccharin are commonly added to toothpaste to improve taste.

Why some consumers avoid them

While generally recognised as safe for use in small amounts, some consumers prefer to reduce exposure to synthetic additives, especially in consumer products used daily.

There is also growing interest in ingredients that provide functional benefits, not just flavour.

What to use instead

A popular alternative is xylitol, a naturally derived sugar alcohol.

Unlike artificial sweeteners, xylitol:

• Helps inhibit Streptococcus mutans, the bacteria responsible for cavities

• Has been shown in studies to reduce plaque formation and support plaque removal

• Supports overall oral health

Choosing toothpaste with functional ingredients ensures that every component contributes to better outcomes.

Ingredient 4: Diethanolamine (DEA)

What it is

Diethanolamine (DEA) is a foaming and emulsifying chemical compound found in some personal care and consumer products.

Why it's concerning

DEA has been classified as a possible carcinogen by some regulatory bodies. It can also react with other ingredients to form nitrosamines, compounds associated with potential health risks.

Although not as common in toothpaste today, it may still appear in certain formulations on the ingredient list.

What to use instead

Choose products that:

• Avoid unnecessary chemical foaming agents

• Focus on biological or gentle mechanical cleaning systems

Enzyme-based toothpaste eliminates the need for harsh foaming chemicals while maintaining effective cleaning.

Ingredient 5: High-RDA Abrasives

What they are

Abrasives are used for plaque removal and to remove stains. Their strength is measured using the Relative Dentin Abrasivity (RDA) scale.

Why they're problematic

Higher is not always better.

• RDA above 100 can wear down enamel over time

• Some whitening toothpaste brands exceed RDA 150

• Long-term use may lead to tooth sensitivity and enamel erosion, particularly for those with sensitive teeth

What to look for instead

• RDA below 70 for daily use

• Gentle abrasives like hydrated silica

Enzim uses hydrated silica at safe levels, balancing effective plaque removal with enamel protection.

👉 Choose gentle toothpaste that protects your enamel long-term

How to Read Your Toothpaste Label

Understanding your toothpaste starts with reading the ingredient list correctly.

• Ingredients are listed in descending order of concentration

• Active ingredients (like fluoride) are listed separately

• If sodium lauryl sulfate appears within the first 5 ingredients, it is a major component

• Terms like "flavour" or "aroma" may hide synthetic or animal-derived sources

• Check for common irritants if you experience mouth irritation or toothpaste allergy

Being label-aware helps you make informed decisions, especially when toothpaste brands are not fully transparent about their formulations.

A Cleaner Approach to Oral Care

As awareness grows, many consumers are moving away from harsh chemical formulations toward cleaner, science-backed alternatives in their oral care products.

Enzim toothpaste is formulated without:

• SLS or SLES

• Triclosan

• DEA

• Aggressive abrasives

Instead, it uses a 6-enzyme system — including amyloglucosidase, glucose oxidase, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, and lactoferrin — to enhance the mouth's natural antibacterial function.

Rather than aggressively killing all bacteria, this system works with your oral environment, helping maintain balance and long-term health while supporting proper oral hygiene.

All ingredients are food-grade and halal-certified, providing both safety and peace of mind.

👉 Explore enzyme-based toothpaste designed for your body, not against it
👉 Subscribe & save on your oral care routine

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is SLS in toothpaste?

SLS (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate) is a foaming agent and cleaning agent that helps spread toothpaste evenly. However, it can irritate sensitive oral tissue, cause mouth sores, and disrupt the mouth's natural balance.

Is fluoride safe in toothpaste?

Yes. Fluoride toothpaste is one of the most evidence-backed oral care products for cavity prevention. It strengthens enamel and is supported by dental associations, including in Singapore. Fluoride is considered safe for use when brushing teeth as directed.

What does "food-grade ingredients" mean?

It means every ingredient meets safety standards for human consumption. If accidentally swallowed in small amounts during brushing, it poses no health risk.

Are natural toothpastes always better?

Not necessarily. The key is choosing formulations that are both safe and effective, supported by science — not just "natural" claims. Focus on oral care tips that emphasize ingredient quality and proven benefits.

How do I check the RDA rating of my toothpaste?

Manufacturers may provide this upon request. Some dental databases also list RDA values for specific toothpaste brands and oral care products.